What an H1 does
The H1 is usually the main visible heading that identifies the primary topic of a page. It gives readers an immediate orientation and contributes to a logical document structure. Search engines do not require a magical keyword formula, but a clear heading helps make the page understandable.
Why pages sometimes have no H1
Page builders, templates, logo-based headers, custom themes, and styling decisions can accidentally remove the primary heading. In other cases the page title exists visually but is marked up as a generic div instead of a semantic heading.
How to fix a missing H1
Add one clear, descriptive primary heading near the start of the main content. It should accurately summarize the page rather than repeat a list of keywords. Supporting sections can use H2 and H3 headings to create a logical hierarchy.
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What about multiple H1s?
Modern HTML can technically contain multiple H1 elements, but a single obvious primary heading is usually easier for content teams, accessibility tools, and auditors to interpret. Consistency is more valuable than trying to exploit heading markup.